UTBK 2024/Literasi bahasa Inggris (LBE)
Read text 1 and text 2 below to answer question number 1 to 6!
Text 1
Rock weathering is a process of weakening breaking down of rocks and minerals. Both non-living element, such as surface tend to weather faster than those underground. Weathering is one of the processes that lead to soil production.
Different types of weathering affect rocks. These consist of chemical weathering, biological weathering, and physical or mechanical weathering. The process of physical or mechanical weathering essentially fragment rocks. Freezing and thawing water is one way that physical deterioration occurs. Water may easily pass through any pores or fissures in rocks is it freezes.
A weathering process is known as honeycomb weathering can be triggered by salt. By capillary action, groundwater pours into rock pores and finally evaporates. This produces crystals of salt, which raise the pressure within rocks. The rock will eventually break. This may leave behind honeycomb-like salt crystal pits. In dry areas, salt crystallization weathering is frequently observed.
Extremes in temperature can also have an impact on how rocks weather. Thermal stress is one term for one kind of physical weathering process. This is typical feature of desert regions, where overnight lows can be relatively chilly and midday highs can be extremely hot. Over time, rocks that experience frequent extreme temperature swings will eventually fracture and flake, this process known as exfoliation.
Text 2
The deterioration and corrosion of rocks, metals, and man-made materials is known as weathering. Chemical and physical weathering are two primary categories. Acid rain is one instance of chemical weathering for rocks. Scientists believe that rock weathering can an play important role in preventing global warming by controlling the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. The elements contained in volcanic rocks react with water or air in volcanic rocks react with water or air in the atmosphere and absorb carbon.
Natural rock weathering process can take millions of years, making it too slow to counteract global warming. However, rock weathering accelerates when the rock is crushed into a fine dust. It is distributed throughout croplands worldwide, this “enhanced” rock weathering has the potential to store 215 billion tons of carbon dioxide over the course of the next 75 years, according to previous studies.
Researchers from University of California applied crushed rock, both metabasalt and olivine, on 5 acres of a fallowed cornfield in the Sacramento Valley. In comparison to plots without crushed rocks, they discovered that during the study, the crushed rock plots stored 0.15 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare. If this amount of carbon was removed across all California cropland, it would be equivalent to taking 350,000 cars off the road every year.
It appears that many hardworking researches are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas. It is known that drylands cover 41% of Earth’s total area, and they are growing as a result of climate change. This according to some prominent researches, make it even more crucial to look into improved rock weathering in drylands.
Soal 1
According to text 1 paragraph 4, what is exfoliation?
(A) The process of breaking and flaking of rocks due to frequent extreme temperature swings.
(B) A type of volcanic rocks that significantly undergo frequent extreme temperature in dry areas.
(C) An extreme thermal process on volcanic rocks usually due to frequent temperatures in desert areas.
(D) One kind of chemical rock weathering where the pore inside the rock are triggered by the extreme temperature.
(E) A typical feature of desert regions, where overnight lows can be relatively chilly and middays highs can be extremely hot.
Jawab: (A)
According to text 1 paragraph 4, what is exfoliation?
Menurut teks 1 paragraf 4, apa itu eksfoliasi?
Pengertian exfoliation berdasar bacaan di atas adalah proses yang akan membuat batu menjadi retak dan terkelupas karena seringnya terjadi perubahan suhu yang ekstrim. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa exfoliation is a process of breaking and flaking of rocks to frequent extreme.
Jadi, jawaban untuk ‘According to text 1 paragraph 4, what is exfoliation?’ adalah The process of breaking and flaking of rocks due to frequent extreme temperature swings (A).
Soal 2
The word “it” in text 2 paragraph 2 refers to ….
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Weathering process
(C) The rock
(D) Global warming
(E) A fine dust
Jawab: (B)
The word “it” in text 2 paragraph 2 refers to ….
Kata “it” pada teks 2 paragraf 2 mengacu pada ….
Lihat keseluruhan kalimat untuk melihat kata it menggatikan kata apa.
Teks 2 paragraf 2,
Natural rock weathering process can take millions of years, making it too slow to counteract global warming.
Proses pelapukan batuan alam dapat memakan waktu jutaan tahun, membuatnya terlalu lambat untuk melawan pemanasan global.
Apa yang terlalu lambat? Jawabannya adalah proses pelapukan. Jadi, jawaban untuk the word “it” in text 2 paragraph 2 refers to adalah weathering process (B).
Soal 3
Which of the following sentence from text 2 is the author’s opinion?
(A) The elements contained in volcanic rocks react with water or air in the atmosphere and absorb carbon.
(B) Researchers from University of California applied crushed rock, both metabasalt and olivine, on 5 acres of fallowed cornfield in the Sacramento Valley.
(C) In comparison to plots without crushed rock, they discovered during the study.
(D) It appears that many hardworking researchers are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas.
(E) It is known that drylands cover 41% of Earth’s total area, and they growing as a result of climate change.
Jawab: (D)
Which of the following sentence from text 2 is the author’s opinion?
Manakah kalimat berikut dari teks 2 yang merupakan pendapat penulis?
Kalimat opini memiliki ciri subjektif. Seperti pada pernyataan: It appears that many hardworking researchers are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas.
Penggunaan appears (nampaknya) pada kalimat tersebut menandakan kalimat merupakan sebuah opini. Jadi, jawaban untuk ‘Which of the following sentence from text 2 is the author’s opinion?’ adalah It appears that many hardworking researchers are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas (D).
Soal 4
What is the relationship between text 1 and text 2?
(A) Text 1 describes the different types of rocks weathering processes whose effects on reducing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere are mentioned in text 2.
(B) Text 1 describes the chemical and physical process of rock weathering, while text 2 describes the influence of acid rain to the physical rock weathering.
(C) Text 2 describes the process of rock weathering in dryland areas studied by the researchers mentioned in text 1.
(D) Text 2 explains the process of chemical and physical rock weathering whose cause are discussed in text 1.
(E) Both text describe the effect of rock weathering on reducing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
Jawab: (A)
Teks 1 fokus pada jenis-jenis proses pelapukan batuan. Sementara teks 2 menambahkan hubungan antara proses pelapukan batuan dengan penyerapan karbon. Di mana penyerapan karbon dapat membantu mengatasi masalah pemanasan global.
Text 1: focuses on the types of rock weathering process
Text 2: explores the connection between rook weathering and carbon sequestration which can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Jadi, jawaban untuk What is the relationship between text 1 and text 2? adalah Text 1 describes the different types of rocks weathering processes whose effects on reducing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere are mentioned in text 2 (A).
Soal 5
An explanation of rock weathering that occurs in dry areas can be found in ….
(A) Text 1 paragraph 1, text 2 paragraph 3
(B) Text 1 paragraph 1, text 2 paragraph 4
(C) Text 1 paragraph 3, text 2 paragraph 4
(D) Text 1 paragraph 4, text 2 paragraph 3
(E) Text 1 paragraph 4, text 2 paragraph 4
Jawab: (C)
An explanation of rock weathering that occurs in dry areas can be found in ….
Penjelasan tentang pelapukan batuan yang terjadi di daerah kering dapat ditemukan di ….
Teks 1:
…. This may leave behind honeycomb-like salt crystal pits. In dry areas, salt crystallization weathering is frequently observed (Di daerah kering, pelapukan kristalisasi garam sering diamati) → Paragraf 3
Teks 2:
It appears that many hardworking researches are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas … (Tampaknya banyak penelitian yang bekerja keras sekarang mencari jawaban tentang bagaimana proses pelapukan batuan terjadi di daerah kering …) → Paragraf 4
Jadi, jawaban untuk An explanation of rock weathering that occurs in dry areas can be found in adalah Text 1 paragraph 3, text 2 paragraph 4 (C).
Soal 6
Based on the information from both texts, which of the following will most likely happen in the future?
(A) Crushed volcanic rock containing metabasalt and olivine will be used as fertilizers for cropland in dry areas
(B) Global warming will cause the natural process of rock weathering to happen more frequently
(C) Acid rain will occur more frequently as a result of rock weathering in dry areas
(D) Natural rock weathering process in dry areas will continuously be observed
(E) A honeycomb weathering will be used to reduce the global warming
Jawab: (D)
Based on the information from both texts, which of the following will most likely happen in the future?
Berdasarkan informasi dari kedua teks tersebut, manakah dari hal berikut yang kemungkinan besar akan terjadi di masa mendatang?
Teks 1 (pararaf 3):
In dry areas, salt crystallization weathering is frequently observed.
Di daerah kering, pelapukan kristalisasi garam sering diamati.
Teks 2 (paragraf 4):
It appears that many hardworking researches are now looking for answers to how the process of rock weathering occurs in dry areas.
Tampaknya banyak peneliti yang bekerja keras sekarang mencari jawaban tentang bagaimana proses pelapukan batuan terjadi di daerah kering.
Kesimpulan dari dua pernyataan di atas adalah penelitian proses pelapukan di daerah kering masih akan berlanjut (will continuously be observed).
Jadi, jawaban untuk Based on the information from both texts, which of the following will most likely happen in the future? adalah Natural rock weathering process in dry areas will continuously be observed (D).